How is content organized in the curriculum framework - learning of the curriculum through integration and application of that knowledge into current knowledge schemes. Cognitive development and higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Using the learners’ mother tongue provides a strong foundation by developing cognitive skills and comprehension of the academic content from day one.

 
The American Curriculum offers a wide range of courses and subjects designed to produce well-rounded students. The American system of education focuses on helping students discover the subjects where they excel and make the most of their talents. The curriculum is designed in a way that prepares students for university and beyond by promoting ... . Babbitt

The previous chapter describes seven principles that support learning with understanding. This chapter explores the implications of those principles for the intentional and systemic design of four key elements of the educational system—curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development—to promote learning with understanding within the context of advanced study.Curriculum Framework . The curriculum framework provides an overview of the entire structure of the curriculum development process. This framework provides the vision to improve the learning outcomes of all students and to enable schools to develop learning and teaching programs that meet the needs of students and changes in society. The curriculum literature is scant. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to offer a framework that can contribute to future research in this area. To lay a foundation for the argument, the first section of 1This paper will appear as a chapter in W. R. Houston (Ed.), Handbook for Research on Teacher Education. New York: Macmillan.Second, content standards guide public school instruction, curriculum, and assessment in an organized and meaningful manner—essentially providing a map of where the curriculum should go and enabling schools and teachers to tailor their instruction to fit the needs of diverse learners. The Fiji Islands National Curriculum Framework (NCF) sets out the philosophy and structure for curriculum from early childhood to Form 7. It provides information to assist all those with a responsibility for the provision and quality of the curriculum and education in the Fiji Islands. The framework will be of use to and will inform: Organizing instructional content provides a framework for navigating information. It also helps people to create an internal mental framework—a more organized network of knowledge that can provide meaning and help with quick retrieval. Information architecture is an important part of web design.Content Standards Content standards were designed to encourage the highest achievement of every student, by defining the knowledge, concepts, and skills that students should acquire at each grade level. Career Technical Education (CTE) Model Curriculum Standards Web page for those interested in following the revision of CTE Model Curriculum ...Shulman (1986) introduced the phrase pedagogical content knowledge and sparked a whole new wave of scholarly articles on teachers' knowledge of their subject matter and the importance of this knowledge for successful teaching. In Shulman's theoretical framework, teachers need to master two types of knowledge: (a) content, also known as "deep ... How is content organized in the curriculum framework? Prepare for a class discussion. III. APPLY With a partner, your last task for this lesson is to prepare a two-page position paper that will ...an assignment, a course, and program outcomes is a critical component of a curriculum framework. Suggested questions to determine graduate competency are provided for each program outcome. The list is not inclusive of all evaluation strategies; it is a guide to be used for dialogue andDec 7, 2016 · Curriculum content simply means the totality of what is to be taught in a school system. The content component of teaching learning situation refers to the important facts, principles and concepts to be taught. These contents must be in line with the learning experiences and there must be clear cut objective to be achieved by the end of each ... result in more content organized chronologically and geographically in ways that more fully establish the ability of students to identify and remember causes and effects related to major historical people, events, and ideas across approximately 7000 years of world, U.S., and Texas history . Opportunities toÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ ® ° þÿÿÿ¬ ...The curriculum is the foundation for educators and students in outlining what is critical for teaching and learning. The curriculum must include the required goals, methods, materials and assessments to allow for effective instruction. Goals: Goals within a curriculum are the expectations based on course standards for learning and teaching. The ...Curriculum refers to an interactive system of instruction and learning with specific goals, contents, strategies, measurement, and resources. The desired outcome of curriculum is successful transfer and/or development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Everything that is written, taught and tested in an educational program of study.Mar 16, 2022 · How is content organized in the curriculum framework? Prepare for a class discussion. III. APPLY With a partner, your last task for this lesson is to prepare a two-page position paper that will ... Dec 7, 2016 · Curriculum content simply means the totality of what is to be taught in a school system. The content component of teaching learning situation refers to the important facts, principles and concepts to be taught. These contents must be in line with the learning experiences and there must be clear cut objective to be achieved by the end of each ... The Kenyan Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD) resolved to adopt a competency-based approach (CBA) in their curriculum reforms based on the findings of a needs assessment study carried out in 2016, international best practices in education systems and curriculum reforms, and a desire to make learning more meaningful.Textbook. A written source of information, designed specifically for the use of students, on a particular subject or field of study that is usually developed based on a syllabus and geared towards meeting specific quality and learning requirements. School textbooks pertain to an instructional sequence based on an organized curriculum. Ideally ...he initial draft of the framework was developed by the Physical Education Curriculum Framework and Criteria Committee (CFCC) between September 2006 and April 2007. he State Board of Education and the Curriculum Development and Supplemental Materials Commission commend the following members of the CFCC and extend great appreciation to them.ÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ ® ° þÿÿÿ¬ ...Curriculum alignment brings teams of teachers together to plan instructions. Vertical alignment is when teachers who teach the same content area meet across grade level bands. Horizontal alignment ...Curriculum is the way content is organized and emphasized; it includes structure, organization, balance, and presentation of the content in the classroom. Although the structure for the content standards organizes the understanding and abilities to be acquired by all students K-12, that structure does not imply any particular organization for ...Introduction. The preschool learning foundations are a critical step in the California Department of Education’s (CDE’s) efforts to strengthen preschool education and close the school-readiness gap in California, thereby narrowing the achievement gap during the K–12 school years. The foundations describe competencies—knowledge and ...A quality curriculum maximizes the potential for the effective enhancement of learning. Underlying this paper is the premise that educational quality should be understood primarily in terms of the quality of student learning, which in turn depends to a great extent on the quality of teaching. The C3 Framework, like the Common Core State Standards, emphasizes the acquisition and application of knowledge to prepare students for college, career, and civic life. It intentionally envisions social studies instruction as an inquiry arc of interlocking and mutually reinforcing elements that speak to the intersection of ideas and learners.learning of the curriculum through integration and application of that knowledge into current knowledge schemes. Cognitive development and higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Using the learners’ mother tongue provides a strong foundation by developing cognitive skills and comprehension of the academic content from day one. successful curriculum development and revision (Johnson, 2001). So, this paper will discuss the importance of teachers’ involvement in curriculum development, the challenges that teachers face in curriculum development, preparation for teachers involvement in curriculum development, the teachers role in curriculum development, and then ...1. The nature of a curriculum framework Before discussing the process of developing a curriculum framework, it is important to have a clear understanding of what a curriculum framework is. One important distinction to make is that a curriculum framework is not, per se, a curriculum, and the word ‘framework’ therefore needs to be considered May 18, 2022 · SCIENCE CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK Curriculum strands. Structural elements of the curriculum designating the way in which content is organized for the purpose of planning for student learning. The term ‘strands’ is used to indicate: (a) the disciplines within a learning area, e.g. history, geography, economics and civics under ‘social studies’, each with its own ... Curriculum Framework . The Nevada CTE Curriculum Frameworks are organized utilizing the recommended course sequencing listed in the program of study and the CTE Course Catalog. The framework identifies the recommended content standards, performance standards, and performance indicators that should be taught in each course.Regardless of definition or approach, curriculum can be organized into three major components: objectives, content or subject matter, and learning experiences. Think of objectives as a road map (“where” are we going), content as the “what” of curriculum, and learning experiences as the “how.” Textbook. A written source of information, designed specifically for the use of students, on a particular subject or field of study that is usually developed based on a syllabus and geared towards meeting specific quality and learning requirements. School textbooks pertain to an instructional sequence based on an organized curriculum. Ideally ...The scope refers to the areas of development addressed by the curriculum. The sequence includes plans and materials for learning experiences to support and extend children’s learning at various levels of development. Education staff can use this resource to select and implement curriculum that includes an organized scope and sequence.an assignment, a course, and program outcomes is a critical component of a curriculum framework. Suggested questions to determine graduate competency are provided for each program outcome. The list is not inclusive of all evaluation strategies; it is a guide to be used for dialogue andWhile the NONPF Framework does provide an extensive list of entry-level requirements for NPs, the challenges faced by the institution as it aimed to incorporate the framework into the curriculum clearly provide evidence that these overarching frameworks need to include both a philosophical and organizational component to help guide educators ...Textbook. A written source of information, designed specifically for the use of students, on a particular subject or field of study that is usually developed based on a syllabus and geared towards meeting specific quality and learning requirements. School textbooks pertain to an instructional sequence based on an organized curriculum. Ideally ... The preschool learning foundations are a critical step in the California Department of Education’s efforts to strengthen preschool education and school readiness and to close the achievement gap in California. As the word is used in this publication, foundations describe the knowledge, skills, and competencies that children typically attain ...Nov 8, 2022 · The preschool learning foundations are a critical step in the California Department of Education’s efforts to strengthen preschool education and school readiness and to close the achievement gap in California. As the word is used in this publication, foundations describe the knowledge, skills, and competencies that children typically attain ... Standards, kindergarten content stan-dards, and the . Head Start Child Develop-ment and Early Education Framework. An investment in high-quality care and educa-tion programs throughout the early years will promote learning for all children and ensure school readiness when they enter kindergarten. These foundations will help guide and The California State Board of Education adopted the ELA/ELD Framework on July 9, 2014. This is the final digital version of the ELA/ELD Framework. The executive summary provides a glimpse into the ELA/ELD Framework and the guidance it provides for educators, including descriptive snapshots and vignettes of grade-level instruction. This summary ...standards at the high school level were organized by discipline. The standards are rigorous. Students who master this content are on a par with those in the best educational systems in other states and nations. The content is attainable by all students, given sufficient time, except for those few who have severe disabilities. A quality curriculum maximizes the potential for the effective enhancement of learning. Underlying this paper is the premise that educational quality should be understood primarily in terms of the quality of student learning, which in turn depends to a great extent on the quality of teaching. Jan 18, 2020 · How to design your curriculum. Step 1: Principles and purpose – Set out the intent of your curriculum. Step 2: Entitlement and enrichment – Develop your pupil entitlement. Step 3: Breadth and balance – Curate the content of your curriculum. Step 4: Teaching narrative – Plan the delivery of your curriculum. Curriculum implementation. The process of putting the formal curriculum into practice. In the case of a new or revised curriculum this process ideally includes school development and improvement processes; fostered school leadership and ethos; in-service teacher training and the development of new textbooks, teaching and learning materials and ...A quality curriculum maximizes the potential for the effective enhancement of learning. Underlying this paper is the premise that educational quality should be understood primarily in terms of the quality of student learning, which in turn depends to a great extent on the quality of teaching. At the beginning of 2020, to stop the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to the campus, the Ministry of Education of China launched a policy “Suspension of classes without suspending schooling” for the spring semester of 2020. However, the drawbacks of online teaching (e.g., students’ inadequate autonomous learning, the lack of effective online instruction) forced us to modify ...Curriculum Framework. A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what the student should know and be able to do.It is a process of learning derived from an organized and systematic education activity working either separately or as a special feature of a formal education institution. 2. Its curriculum is flexible, diversified in content and method because it should conform to the needs of the identified group of learners. Informal Education 1. result in more content organized chronologically and geographically in ways that more fully establish the ability of students to identify and remember causes and effects related to major historical people, events, and ideas across approximately 7000 years of world, U.S., and Texas history . Opportunities toThe Kenyan Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD) resolved to adopt a competency-based approach (CBA) in their curriculum reforms based on the findings of a needs assessment study carried out in 2016, international best practices in education systems and curriculum reforms, and a desire to make learning more meaningful.The term curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in a specific course or program. In dictionaries, curriculum is often defined as the courses offered by a school, but it is rarely used in such a general sense in schools. Depending on how broadly educators define or employ the term, curriculum typically refers ...Content standards. Specifications of what all learners are expected to know and be able to do within a particular field of study, discipline or subject at different grade levels, ages, or other criteria. These standards should be clear, detailed, and complete; reasonable in scope; rigorous and scientifically correct; and they should be built ...Jan 19, 2022 · Since 2005 A.D, a lot of improvement can be seen in the curriculum framework of Nepal but still teaching methodology shows a micro improvement. The contents set or organized for producing human resources is not at least bad but there’s a lack of interpretational ability which is one bad side or say failure of educational administration. Sep 17, 2021 · curriculum as a content. Bintz & Dillard (2007) stated that the curriculum was defined as a lived experience, as a tool to prepare students for life, as a system, as a plan for a specific subject area, as a content, as an activity or opportunity, as a tool helping teachers to make decisions on teaching, and as Apr 14, 2011 · The framework is organized around three interlocking components namely: inquiry skills, scientific attitudes, and content and connections, as shown in the diagram. Being interrelated, these components are woven together in order to support the holistic development of a scientifically literate individual. The curriculum consists of the plans for the learning experiences through which children acquire knowledge, skills, abilities, and understanding. Implementing a curriculum always yields outcomes of some kind—but which outcomes those are and how a program achieves them are critical. In developmentally appropriate practice, the curriculum helps ... Nov 21, 2022 · The content and learning outcomes of the curriculum align with the Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework (ELOF) and state early care and education standards. It provides guidance on what (content) and how (learning experiences and teaching practices) to teach. Content is drawn from current child development science, the interests and ... Content Standards Content standards were designed to encourage the highest achievement of every student, by defining the knowledge, concepts, and skills that students should acquire at each grade level. Career Technical Education (CTE) Model Curriculum Standards Web page for those interested in following the revision of CTE Model Curriculum ...Textbook. A written source of information, designed specifically for the use of students, on a particular subject or field of study that is usually developed based on a syllabus and geared towards meeting specific quality and learning requirements. School textbooks pertain to an instructional sequence based on an organized curriculum. Ideally ...Standards, kindergarten content stan-dards, and the . Head Start Child Develop-ment and Early Education Framework. An investment in high-quality care and educa-tion programs throughout the early years will promote learning for all children and ensure school readiness when they enter kindergarten. These foundations will help guide andCurriculum structure The way in which the curriculum is organized, including the subjects or learning areas, when they must be studied and the ‘pattern’ in which they must be studied. The curriculum may be composed, for example, of core and elective subjects studied with some variation between grades. A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what the student should know and be able to do. A curriculum framework is part of an outcome-based education or standards based education reform design.Curriculum Curriculum refers to the entirety of the organized experience of students in any institutional setting towards educational aims and objectives. The elements that constitute and bring to life a Curriculum are numerous, and include goals and objectives, syllabi, content to be taught and learnt, pedagogical practices and assessment, teach-ÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ ® ° þÿÿÿ¬ ...SCIENCE CURRICULUM FRAMEWORKCurriculum Framework . The Nevada CTE Curriculum Frameworks are organized utilizing the recommended course sequencing listed in the program of study and the CTE Course Catalog. The framework identifies the recommended content standards, performance standards, and performance indicators that should be taught in each course.Curriculum framework. A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what the student should know and be able to do. [1] A curriculum framework is part of an outcome-based education or standards based education reform design.Content Standards Content standards were designed to encourage the highest achievement of every student, by defining the knowledge, concepts, and skills that students should acquire at each grade level. Career Technical Education (CTE) Model Curriculum Standards Web page for those interested in following the revision of CTE Model Curriculum ...The previous chapter describes seven principles that support learning with understanding. This chapter explores the implications of those principles for the intentional and systemic design of four key elements of the educational system—curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development—to promote learning with understanding within the context of advanced study. Curriculum. Curriculum is a systematic and intended packaging of competencies (i.e. knowledge, skills and attitudes that are underpinned by values) that learners should acquire through organised learning experiences both in formal and non-formal settings (See: Different meanings of curricula ). Good curriculum plays an important role in forging ... Mar 16, 2022 · How is content organized in the curriculum framework? Prepare for a class discussion. III. APPLY With a partner, your last task for this lesson is to prepare a two-page position paper that will ... Curriculum content simply means the totality of what is to be taught in a school system. The content component of teaching learning situation refers to the important facts, principles and concepts to be taught. These contents must be in line with the learning experiences and there must be clear cut objective to be achieved by the end of each ...To accom- plish these related goals, the discussion that follows focuses on these outcomes: defining the concept of curriculum, examining the several types of curricula, describing the con- trasting nature of curriculum components, and analyzing the hidden curriculum.The Fiji Islands National Curriculum Framework (NCF) sets out the philosophy and structure for curriculum from early childhood to Form 7. It provides information to assist all those with a responsibility for the provision and quality of the curriculum and education in the Fiji Islands. The framework will be of use to and will inform: 5. Utility usefulness of the content either for the present or the future. 6. Learnability should be within the range of the experiences of the learners. 7. Feasibility can be learned within the time allowed, resources available, expertise of the teacher and the nature of the learners.Central to curriculum change is the notion of quality. The aforementioned questions are all related to this notion. But what does ‘quality’ mean in a curriculum context? What is the quality framework within which curriculum developers can set goals, develop and implement change processes, and eventually gauge their success? It is a process of learning derived from an organized and systematic education activity working either separately or as a special feature of a formal education institution. 2. Its curriculum is flexible, diversified in content and method because it should conform to the needs of the identified group of learners. Informal Education 1. Organizing Your Course to Facilitate Student Learning. Well-organized courses encourage student motivation, performance, and persistence. Instructors can design their courses in many rich ways to cultivate student motivation and enhance opportunities for more effective learning. When a course is designed so that the learning goals align with ...Curriculum Framework . The curriculum framework provides an overview of the entire structure of the curriculum development process. This framework provides the vision to improve the learning outcomes of all students and to enable schools to develop learning and teaching programs that meet the needs of students and changes in society. The curriculum The NCSS curriculum standards instead provide a set of principles by which content can be selected and organized to build a viable, valid, and defensible social studies curriculum for grades from pre-K through 12. They are not a substitute for content standards, but instead provide the necessary framework for the implementation of content ... literature is scant. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to offer a framework that can contribute to future research in this area. To lay a foundation for the argument, the first section of 1This paper will appear as a chapter in W. R. Houston (Ed.), Handbook for Research on Teacher Education. New York: Macmillan.MTB-MLE Framework. Chapter 3 Mother Tongue- Based Multilingual Education Framework: It’s Implementation in the Basic Education Curriculum ; At the end of this Module, you should be able to: Explain basic elements of the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education Curriculum Framework. Apply the concepts and processes of the MTB-MLE curriculum framework in teaching-learning situations. Discuss ...The Fiji Islands National Curriculum Framework (NCF) sets out the philosophy and structure for curriculum from early childhood to Form 7. It provides information to assist all those with a responsibility for the provision and quality of the curriculum and education in the Fiji Islands. The framework will be of use to and will inform: The California State Board of Education adopted the ELA/ELD Framework on July 9, 2014. This is the final digital version of the ELA/ELD Framework. The executive summary provides a glimpse into the ELA/ELD Framework and the guidance it provides for educators, including descriptive snapshots and vignettes of grade-level instruction. This summary ...This question is considered in detail in Module 3 – Curriculum Design (Training Tools for Curriculum Development – A Resource Pack). How will the content (the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes) be organized under the new curriculum framework?24 One very common reason for adopting a framework approach to curriculum is to introduce more ...While the NONPF Framework does provide an extensive list of entry-level requirements for NPs, the challenges faced by the institution as it aimed to incorporate the framework into the curriculum clearly provide evidence that these overarching frameworks need to include both a philosophical and organizational component to help guide educators ...How to design your curriculum. Step 1: Principles and purpose – Set out the intent of your curriculum. Step 2: Entitlement and enrichment – Develop your pupil entitlement. Step 3: Breadth and balance – Curate the content of your curriculum. Step 4: Teaching narrative – Plan the delivery of your curriculum.Dec 7, 2022 · Content Standards Content standards were designed to encourage the highest achievement of every student, by defining the knowledge, concepts, and skills that students should acquire at each grade level. Career Technical Education (CTE) Model Curriculum Standards Web page for those interested in following the revision of CTE Model Curriculum ...

Mar 16, 2022 · How is content organized in the curriculum framework? Prepare for a class discussion. III. APPLY With a partner, your last task for this lesson is to prepare a two-page position paper that will ... . How to use onedrive

how is content organized in the curriculum framework

The NCSS curriculum standards offer a set of principles by which content can be selected and organized to build a viable, valid, and defensible social studies curriculum for grades from pre-K through 12. They provide the necessary framework for the implementation of content standards. Curriculums are the roadmaps for schools which provide purpose and direction for administrators, educators, parents, and students. Curriculum typically refers to, “the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn, which includes the learning standards or learning objectives they are expected to meet; the units and lessons that teachers teach; the assignments and projects given to ...The curriculum for each subject or discipline is made up of a set of learning expectations that outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to learn and apply by the end of a grade or course. For each subject, expectations are arranged into sections (or strands) to help with organization. However, educators look at the learning goals ...Curriculum Framework . The curriculum framework provides an overview of the entire structure of the curriculum development process. This framework provides the vision to improve the learning outcomes of all students and to enable schools to develop learning and teaching programs that meet the needs of students and changes in society. The curriculumThe Fiji Islands National Curriculum Framework (NCF) sets out the philosophy and structure for curriculum from early childhood to Form 7. It provides information to assist all those with a responsibility for the provision and quality of the curriculum and education in the Fiji Islands. The framework will be of use to and will inform:A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what the student should know and be able to do. A curriculum framework is part of an outcome-based education or standards based education reform design.Curriculum framework. A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what the student should know and be able to do. [1] A curriculum framework is part of an outcome-based education or standards based education reform design.The NCSS curriculum standards instead provide a set of principles by which content can be selected and organized to build a viable, valid, and defensible social studies curriculum for grades from pre-K through 12. They are not a substitute for content standards, but instead provide the necessary framework for the implementation of content ... Curriculum implementation. The process of putting the formal curriculum into practice. In the case of a new or revised curriculum this process ideally includes school development and improvement processes; fostered school leadership and ethos; in-service teacher training and the development of new textbooks, teaching and learning materials and ...Custom Solutions. Through our tenure and expertise in K12 and higher education, we have become a trusted ally for industry partners who are looking to leave a positive impact in their company and community. We excel at navigating through vast content landscapes and skillfully identifying the essential elements for effective learning.The curriculum consists of the plans for the learning experiences through which children acquire knowledge, skills, abilities, and understanding. Implementing a curriculum always yields outcomes of some kind—but which outcomes those are and how a program achieves them are critical. In developmentally appropriate practice, the curriculum helps ... Sep 17, 2021 · curriculum as a content. Bintz & Dillard (2007) stated that the curriculum was defined as a lived experience, as a tool to prepare students for life, as a system, as a plan for a specific subject area, as a content, as an activity or opportunity, as a tool helping teachers to make decisions on teaching, and as The NCSS curriculum standards offer a set of principles by which content can be selected and organized to build a viable, valid, and defensible social studies curriculum for grades from pre-K through 12. They provide the necessary framework for the implementation of content standards.Oct 28, 2021 · The sequence includes plans and materials for learning experiences to support and extend children’s learning at various levels of development. Education staff can use this resource to select and implement curriculum that includes an organized scope and sequence. 45 §1302.32 (a) (1) (iii) and §1302.35 (d) (1) (iii): Center-based, family ... Curriculum Framework . The Nevada CTE Curriculum Frameworks are organized utilizing the recommended course sequencing listed in the program of study and the CTE Course Catalog. The framework identifies the recommended content standards, performance standards, and performance indicators that should be taught in each course.The curriculum consists of the plans for the learning experiences through which children acquire knowledge, skills, abilities, and understanding. Implementing a curriculum always yields outcomes of some kind—but which outcomes those are and how a program achieves them are critical. In developmentally appropriate practice, the curriculum helps ... Curriculum Framework. A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what the student should know and be able to do.learning of the curriculum through integration and application of that knowledge into current knowledge schemes. Cognitive development and higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Using the learners’ mother tongue provides a strong foundation by developing cognitive skills and comprehension of the academic content from day one..

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